miércoles, 10 de septiembre de 2008

About the Pre-Natal Paternity Test

Pre-natal paternity testing is performed before the birth of the child. The test is typically performed by analysing either a CVS sample or by using amniotic fluid. The patient would be required to independently arrange for collection of either CVS samples or amniocentesis. Once the hospital sends these samples to us we can proceed with the pre-natal paternity test.

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) is usually performed at a very early stage of pregnancy, generally around the 11th to 13th week of pregnancy. During the CVS procedure, a catheter is inserted through the cervix and a small sample is taken from the outside of the gestational sack by gentle suction. This sampling procedure allows the obstetrician to obtain a small amount of fetal chorionic villi (trophoblastic tissue), which is used for the pre-natal paternity test. Pre-natal paternity tests conducted using CVS samples are just as accurate as tests, which are performed after the child is born.

What should I expect after the CVS?

For the first couple of days you may experience some abdominal discomfort, period-like pain or a little bleeding. These are relatively common and in the vast majority of cases the pregnancy continues without any problems. You may find it helpful to take simple painkillers like paracetamol. If there is a lot of pain or bleeding or if you develop a temperature please seek medical advice.

Who performs the procedure?
The customer will have to contact their doctor or local medical centre for their nearest centre in which this type of DNA sample collection can be arranged. DNA Solutions does not perform DNA extraction from the unborn child - we can certainly analyse this at the same costs as a paternity test.

Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis is generally performed at later stages of pregnancy. During an amniocentesis procedure, a small amount of amniotic fluid (10ml) is withdrawn transabdominally by your obstetrician. Amniotic fluid is also an excellent sample for paternity testing; paternity tests performed using amniotic fluid, are just as accurate as tests conducted after the child is born.

Whether you choose chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis, results are usually available 10 to 15 working days after specimen collection.

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DNA 'tattoos' link adult, daughter stem cells in planarians

Taken from: eurekalert.org /

Unlike some parents, adult stem cells don't seem to mind when their daughters get a tattoo. In fact, they're willing to pass them along.

Using the molecular equivalent of a tattoo on DNA that adult stem cells (ASC) pass to their "daughter" cells in combination with gene expression profiles, University of Utah researchers have identified two early steps in adult stem cell differentiation—the process that determines whether cells will form muscle, neurons, skin, etc., in people and animals.

The U of U researchers, led by Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado, Ph.D., professor of neurobiology and anatomy, identified 259 genes that help defined the earliest steps in the differentiation of adult stem cells in planarians—tiny flatworms that have the uncanny ability to regenerate cells and may have much to teach about human stem cell biology.

The findings, reported in the Sept. 11 issue of Cell Stem Cell establish planarians as an excellent model for studying adult stem cells in a live animal, rather than a laboratory culture dish.

"This allows us to study an entire stem cell population in its own environment," said Sánchez Alvarado, also an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the study's senior author. "It's likely that what we learned here can be applied to our own stem cell biology."

Planarians share similar biology with humans in many ways. They also, for reasons unknown, regenerate cells unlike any other animal—an entirely new worm can form from just a fragment of another worm. Planarians constantly regenerate new cells to replace those that die naturally or from injury.

The process begins when adult stem cells divide into two new cells (daughter cells): one becomes like its mother (a stem cell), while the other will move on to give rise to the cells that will serve specific functions in planarian life. For example, some cells may form part of the worm's musculature, while others will form part of the brain.

Because daughters and mother cells are indistinguishable from each other in appearance, the researchers devised methods to detect specific differences in gene expression in the BrdU-labeled cells. The researchers identified 259 genes associated with the stem cells and their daughters. When the U team disabled some of these genes, they found that in some cases no defects were observed, while in others deficiencies were detected in the way the cells were patterned in regenerating planarians.

Sánchez Alvarado and two colleagues then marked adult stem cells in the worms by injecting BrdU, a synthetic nucleotide that binds with DNA and leaves an unmistakable mark on it, much like a tattoo. (Nucleotides are the structural units of DNA and RNA.) When the adult stem cells divided into daughter cells as part of the worms' normal cell regeneration, the BrdU was passed to the daughter cells in their DNA, allowing the researchers to track these cells. By detecting which genes were expressed in which BrdU-labeled cells, the collection of identified genes allowed the researchers to work out for the first time the lineage of stem cells in planarians.

Scientists want a recreate the Big Bang with a new Machine

Some switzerland scientists tonight, make a recreation of the great explosion in the space, the Big Bang, which comes the life to the universe... Here is the article:

-- Scientists were rejoicing tonight after a flawless start to the £5 billion Big Bang experiment, a bold attempt to re-enact the first moments of the universe.

A beam of protons – tiny building blocks of matter – flying just under the speed of light was sent spinning round a 27 kilometre long tunnel buried 100 metres underground near Geneva.

Another beam was then fired in the opposite direction. Later the particles will be smashed into each other at energies up to seven times higher than any achieved before.

The aim is to recreate conditions as tightly squeezed and hot as they were less than a billionth of a second after the Big Bang that gave birth to the universe around 14 billion years ago.

Temperatures inside that primordial fireball almost at the beginning of time reached a million billion degrees C.

All this will take place within the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the biggest and most complex scientific instrument ever built.

British scientists were at the forefront of the design and construction of the particle accelerator, which covers an area straddling the French and Swiss borders the size of the London Underground Circle Line.

Today they celebrated news from the LHC control centre at CERN, the European nuclear research organisation in Geneva, that a beam of protons had successfully been fired all the way round the tunnel ring.

"First beam" was announced at 9.28am, UK time.

LHC project leader Dr Lyn Evans – a Welsh scientist from Aberdare – said: "It’s a fantastic moment. We can now look forward to a new era of understanding about the origins and evolution of the universe."

In the coming weeks scientists will stage particle collisions in four huge detectors arranged around the beam tunnel.

The largest, called Atlas, is as big as a cathedral and as high as a five-storey building. It will effectively photograph particle smashes at a rate of 40 million times a second.

No-one knows precisely what will emerge from the bright flashes of disintegrating protons. --

jueves, 28 de agosto de 2008

New DNA kit is used by the Indiana Police

This article I founded in Indystar.com and its about a DNA kit that help to the police for get more clues for the crime scene...

>> Metropolitan police are testing a new DNA-collection kit that could help them put more gun criminals behind bars.

About 200 officers have been trained to collect DNA from guns while the evidence is still fresh using the Trigger ID kits.

"We're here today to put those with illegal firearms on notice that we have a new tool which can lead to better identification of suspects and their subsequent removal from our streets," Chief Michael Spears said in a statement. "IMPD is proud to be a pioneer in the use of this new technology."

Laboratory tests of the kits show scientists often can find DNA on a gun more readily than they can find a fingerprint, said Vincent Perez, a vice president for Forensic ID, the Indianapolis-based manufacturer of Trigger ID.

"Fingerprinting is 100 years old," said Perez, who also invented the product. "Now, when we look at it and the technology we've developed, it's allowed us to move with the times and get better evidence at the scene."

Perez, a lawyer and former police officer, got the idea for the kits while he worked at Strand Analytical Laboratories, the DNA testing venture launched by former Marion County Prosecutor Scott Newman in 2005. Newman gave up his operating interest in the lab when Indianapolis Mayor Greg Ballard appointed him public safety director in January.

The Police Department is spending $140,000 to $160,000 for 400 kits, officials said. The money is coming from a federal grant.

The kits include three ballpoint pen-sized plastic cases that contain cotton swabs. After finding a gun at a crime scene, an officer opens the cases, rubs each swab across three different parts of the gun -- pistol grip, barrel and magazine -- then closes the cases and stores them in an evidence bag.

The officers received an hour of training in proper collection techniques and must wear gloves and a breathing mask to avoid compromising any DNA that might be recovered.

The department has been using the kits about two months, but officials are not saying exactly where the devices have been deployed.

Officials hope the kits will lead to more arrests and prosecutions of those who commit gun crimes.

"Firearms cases are very difficult," U.S. Attorney Tim Morrison said. "If a gun is found laying 4 to 5 feet from somebody, . . . no one is going to claim it."

Morrison was among a group of local law enforcement experts Perez asked to help develop the device. Others included Prosecutor Carl Brizzi and Forensic Services Agency Director Mike Medler.

Helen Marchal, Brizzi's chief of staff, said she expects defense attorneys to try to challenge the kits but thinks judges will stand behind the evidence.

"It's not new science, it's a new collection process," Marchal said. "I'm confident we will withstand any challenge."

The Trigger ID kit is small enough to fit in an officer's pocket. The swabs are designed to collect DNA specimens from handguns in rain, snow or other harsh conditions.

Indianapolis is the first department to use the devices in the field, Perez said.<<

jueves, 14 de agosto de 2008

DNA testing with 99.9% of accuracy

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News: Best selling author to send DNA to the space

AUSTIN, Texas, Aug 14, 2008 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- Operation Immortality(TM), the project to create a digital time capsule of the human race, has joined forces with famed author and game designer Tracy Hickman. Hickman is best known for his work on the Dragonlance novels and the innovative Ravenloft module of the Advanced Dungeons and Dragons game system. As part of Operation Immortality's mission to preserve the most talented and influential people of our time, Tracy Hickman will be sending his digitized DNA into space with video gaming luminary Richard Garriott as he travels to the International Space Station (ISS) on Oct. 12, 2008.
Hickman will not only be adding his digitized DNA to the "Immortality Drive," excerpts of his writings will also be included on the storage device Garriott will store on the ISS as part of Operation Immortality. The Immortality Drive is currently in the process of being loaded with information from people all over the world at the OperationImmortality.com website. Hickman will be talking about the project as he addresses crowds at the Gen Con gaming convention today in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Visitors to the website can submit their suggestions for humanity's greatest achievements, leave their immortalized message for future generations, and may even have their DNA selected to join Garriott and other luminaries on an out-of-this-world trip to possibly become the future of mankind.

Garriott is a game developer at NCsoft(R) and creator of the Ultima series of games and the recently released Tabula Rasa(R). The goal of Operation Immortality is to have a space-borne record of human DNA and a record of humanity's achievements in the event a global calamity dooms the human species, similar to what happens in the Tabula Rasa video game.
"Mankind is at its best whenever we set our vision to the stars," Hickman said. "One of my first memories was of watching Alan Shepard fly his Mercury capsule atop a Redstone rocket. I have lived my entire life dreaming of space. 'Operation Immortality' is essentially a celebration of that same adventuring spirit and an offering of hope for the future. I am deeply honored to participate."

The Tabula Rasa team is thrilled by Hickman's participation in Operation Immortality. "Looking back to the influences that impacted my career, Tracy Hickman's Chronicles series left a lasting impression on me," said Tom Potter, Tabula Rasa's lead designer. "His novels were my first exposure to epic fantasy, and even though I read them at an early age, the setting and characters he created still continue to influence me all these years later."

News: Big Foot was captured and they have DNA evidence

Washington (ChattahBox) - Two professional American hunters have claimed to have found the dead body of the real Bigfoot. The body has since been placed in a freezer for storage, as they get set to present photos, and DNA evidence at a press conference tomorrow.

Matthew Whitton, a police officer in Clayton County, Georgia, and Rick Dyer, a former corrections officer made the discovery in the woods of Georgia.

The two professional hunters may have managed to actually unravel one of the biggest mysteries known to man, whether or not the legendary forest creature Bigfoot is real.

The two have set up a major press conference which will take place tomorrow, Friday in Palo Alto, California.

DNA, as well as photos of this legendary creature are going to be on display for the world to see.

The two stated on their Web site, SearchingForBigfoot.com, that they have discovered the body.

They stated that they had to put the creature in the freezer to keep it “fresh.”

They claim that Bigfoot is 7 feet, 7 inches tall, and weighs in at more than 500 pounds.

He had reddish hair, as well as gray eyes. His footprint is reportedly 26-and three quarter inches long, and five and three-quarter inches wide..

Veteran Bigfoot hunter Tom Biscardi has seen the body and has stated that it is genuine.

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